CURRICULUM VITAE
CLAUDE MASON STEELE
Department of Psychology
Stanford University
Stanford, CA 94305-2130
B.A. Hiram
College, Hiram, Ohio
June, 1967
Major in Psychology
M.A. Ohio
State University
June, 19690
Major in Social Psychology
Ph.D. Ohio
State University
September, 1971
Major in Social
Psychology
Minor in Statistical Psychology
1970-71 Dissertation Year Fellowship, Ohio State University Graduate School
1994-95 Cattell Faculty Fellowship, The James McKeen Cattell Fund
1995 Dean’s Teaching Award, Stanford University
1996 Elected to The American Academy of Arts and Sciences
1997 Gordon Allport Prize in Social Psychology, Society for the Psychological Study of Social Issues
Elected to The National Academy of Education
2000 Honorary Doctorate, University of Chicago
2000 William James Fellow Award for Distinguished Scientific Career Contribution, American Psychological Society
2001 Donald Campbell Award, Society for Personality and Social Psychology
2002 Honorary Doctorate, Yale University
Kurt Lewin Memorial Award, Society for the Psychological Study of Social
Issues
Senior Award for Distinguished Contributions to Psychology in the Public Interest, American Psychological Association
Distinguished Scientific Contribution Award, American Psychological
Association
2003 Honorary Doctorate, Princeton University
2003 Elected to The National Academy of Sciences
1991-Present Professor of Psychology, Stanford University
Chair, Department of Psychology, Stanford University (1997-2000)
Lucie
Stern Professor in the Social Sciences, Stanford University
(1997-Present)
Director, Center for Comparative Studies in Race
and Ethnicity, Stanford University (2002-
Present)
Board of Trustees Development Committee, Stanford
University (2002-Present)
Faculty Diversity Council, Stanford
University (2001-2002)
Faculty Senate Steering Committee, Stanford
University (2001-2002)
Faculty Senate, Stanford University
(2000-2002)
Co-Director, Research Institute for Comparative
Studies in Race and Ethnicity, Stanford
University (1999-2002)
Presidential Search Committee, Stanford
University (1999-2000)
Planning and Policy Board, Faculty Senate,
Stanford University (2002-Present)
Fellow, Center for Advanced
Study in the Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University (1994-1995)
1987-1991 Professor of Psychology, University of Michigan
Research Scientist,
Institute for Social Research, University of Michigan
(1989-1991)
1985-1987 Professor of Psychology, University of Washington
1973-1985 Assistant Professor to Professor of Psychology, University of Washington
1971-1973 Assistant Professor of Psychology, University of Utah
2002-2003 President, Society for Personality and Social Psychology
1996-97 President, Western Psychological Association
1991-1996 Member, Board of Directors American Psychological Society
1990-Present Consulting Editor: Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, Attitudes and Social Cognition, Psychological Review, Motivation and Emotion, Basic and Applied Social Psychology, Journal of Experimental Social Psychology
1988-1991 Member, Division 8, APA Executive Committee
1988-1989 Chair, Executive Committee of Society of Experimental Social Psychology
1987-1988 Secretary-Treasurer Society of Experimental Social Psychology
1984-1988 Member, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, Psychosocial Research Study Section
1984-1987 Associate Editor: Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin
1983-1990 Consulting Editor: Journal of Social Issues
1980-1985 Member, King County Alcoholism and Drug Abuse Administrative Board
1979-1983 Member, National Institute of Mental Health, Review Panel; Mental Health Research Education Review Panel
1979-1983 Research Grant Reviewer: National Institute of Mental
Health,
National Science Foundation
1977-1983 Consulting Editor: Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin
1969-1970 Co-director (with L. K. Rosenblood, T. M. Ostrom and H. L. Mirels) of the Juvenile Delinquency Research Project, validated a program to reduce the frequency of arrests in delinquents.
1968-1971 Member, Board of Directors for the Black Student Psychological Association
1967-1971 Research Assistant to Dr. Thomas M. Ostrom, Ohio State University; worked on verbal conditioning of attitudes, attribute structure and discrimination, perceived discrepancy and attitude change, victim similarity and derogation.
American Psychological Association
American Psychological Society
Society of Experimental Social Psychology
Society of Personality and Social Psychology
Self-evaluative processing: Self-affirming modes of information processing and dissonance phenomena.
The role of self-evaluation and identification in the school achievement of black Americans and women in natural sciences.
The role of alcohol and drug use in self-regulation processes and social behavior: Mechanisms underlying the effects of alcohol and drugs on self-control, social behavior, and affect.
Compliance behavior and its mediation through self-affirming processes.
Direct and indirect perspective mediated attitude change, University of Utah Faculty Research Fund, 1972-73. $2,000.
Social factors in the etiology of problem drinking. Alcohol and Drug Abuse Institute of the University of Washington, 1974-75. $7,000.
Role of personal and media impugnments in alcohol abuse, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, AA02448-02, 1976-1979. $80,000.
Drinking and conditioned anxiety, National Institute of Mental Health, AA04914-01, 1980-81. $10,000.
Drinking and stress, Alcohol and Drug Abuse Institute of the University of Washington, 1982. $5,000.
Drinking and affect: A behavioral etiology of alcoholism, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, AA05712-01, 1982-85. $130,000.
Restrained drinking: A model of alcohol abuse, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, 1984-86. $100,000. (Co-investigator; L. Southwick, P.I.)
Alcohol Research Training Grant. National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, 1984- 1989. $500,000. (With Alan Marlatt, Hank Sampson, and Steve Woods.)
Alcohol and the reduction of stress from inhibitory response conflict. Alcohol and Drug Abuse Institute of the University of Washington, 1985-86. $9,000.
Drinking and affect: A cognitive-behavioral etiology of alcoholism. National Institute of Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, AA05712-01, 1986-89. $230,000.
The role of protective dis-identification in mediating minority achievement. National Institute of Mental Health, 1990-1993. $389,000. (With Richard E. Nisbett).
Stereotype vulnerability and academic performance: An intervention. The Russell Sage Foundation, 1993-1995. $420,000.
A field test of “wise” learning strategies. The Russell Sage Foundation, 1993-1994. $14,000.
Stereotype vulnerability and academic performance. National Institute of Mental Health, 1994- 1998. $813,043.
A diverse perspective in psychology: A proposal for a faculty seminar. The Irvine Foundation, Stanford University. $13,537.
A Spencer Foundation mentoring grant, 1996-98. The Spencer Foundation. $ 50,000.
Stereotype threat and academic achievement: An intervention. Continuation of the Russell Sage Foundation grant, 1996-1997. $30,000.
From diversity to community. Russell Sage Foundation, 2000-2003. $350,000. (With Hazel Markus, Dorothy Steele, and Michael Kass).
Models of Diversity and Social Identity Threat as Determinants of successful diversity. Russell Sage foundation, 2001-2003. $221,382. (With Hazel Markus).
Ostrom, T. M., Steele, C. M., Rosenblood, L. K., & Mirels, H. A. (1971). Modification of delinquent behavior. The Journal of Applied Social Psychology, 2, 118-136.
Latane, B., & Steele, C. M. (1975). The persistence of social attraction in socially deprived and satiated rats. Animal Learning and Behavior, 3, 131-134.
Latane, B., Edwards, J., Steele, C. M., & Walton, D. (1973). Social attraction among and between albino hooded rats. Bulletin of the Psychonomic Society, 2, 20-22.
Steele, C. M., & Ostrom, T. M. (1974). Perspective mediated attitude change: When is indirect persuasion more effective than direct persuasion? Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 29(6), 737-741.
Ostrom, T. M., Steele, C. M., & Smilansky, J. (1974). Perceived discrepancy and attitude change: In unsubstantiated relationship. Journal of Representative Research in Social Psychology, 5, 7-15.
Steele, C. M. (1975). Name-calling and compliance. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 31(2), 361-370.
Steele, C. M., & Green, S. G. (1976). Affirmative action and academic hiring: A case study of a value conflict. Journal of Higher Education, 4, 413-437.
Steele, C. M., & Woods, L. (1977). Trait attributions and defense against insult from a dissimilar other. Journal of Research in Personality, 11, 318-328.
Siegel, J. M., & Steele, C. M. (1980). Environmental distraction and interpersonal judgments. British Journal of Social and Clinical Psychology, 19, 23-32.
Siegel, J. M., & Steele, C. M. (1979). Noise level and social discrimination. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 5, 95-100.
Steele, C. M., & Liu, T. J. (1981). Dissonance avoidance and the expectancy of a value-affirming response: Making the dissonant act unreflective of the self. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 7, 393-397.
Southwick, L., Steele, C. M., & Marlatt, G. A. (1981). Alcohol-related expectancies: Defined by phase of intoxication and drinking experience. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 5, 713-721.
Steele, C. M., & Southwick, L. (1981). Effects of fear, causal attribution about alcoholism, and drinking habits on attitude change and drinking. Cognitive Therapy and Research, 5, 339-349.
Steele, C. M., Southwick, L., & Critchlow, B. (1981). Dissonance and alcohol: Drinking your troubles away. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 4, 831-846.
Steele, C. M., & Liu, T. J. (1983). Dissonance processes as self-affirmation. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 45, 5-19.
Steele, C. M., & Southwick, L. (1985). Alcohol and social behavior I: The mediating role of inhibitory conflict. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 48, 18-34.
Steele, C. M., Critchlow, B., & Liu, T. J. (1985). Alcohol and social behavior II: The helpful drunk. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 48, 35-46.
Southwick, L., Steele, C. M., & Lindell, M. (1986). Construct accessibility and judgments about alcoholism by offspring of alcoholics. Cognitive Therapy and Research, 10, 167-186.
Steele, C. M. (1986). The psychology of drunken excess. Psychology Today, January.
Steele, C. M., Southwick, L., & Pagano, R. (1986). Drinking your troubles away I: The role of activity in mediating alcohol’s reduction of psychological stress. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 95, 173-180.
Liu, T. J., & Steele, C. M. (1986). Attributional analysis as self-affirmation. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 51, 531-540.
Curry, S., Southwick, L., & Steele, C. M. (1987). Restrained and unrestrained drinking: Generalization of a consumption style. Addictive Behaviors, 12, 73-77.
Southwick, L., & Steele, C. M. (1987). Restrained drinking: Personality correlates of a control style. Journal of Drug Issues, 17.
Southwick, L., Kuna, P., & Steele, C. M. (1988). Heaven can wait: The effects of restrained and unrestrained drinking styles on the ability to delay drinking gratification. Cognitive Therapy and Research, 2, 261-278.
Steele, C. M. (1988). The psychology of self-affirmation: Sustaining the integrity of the self. In L. Berkowitz (Ed.), Advances in experimental social psychology (Vol. 21, pp. 261-302). San Diego, CA: Academic Press.
Steele, C. M., & Josephs, R. (1988). Drinking your troubles away II: The role of activity in mediating alcohol’s reduction of anxiety. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 97, 196-205.
Banaji, M., & Steele, C. M. (1989). Alcohol and self-evaluation: Is a social cognition approach beneficial? Social Cognition, 7(2), 137-151.
Josephs, R. A., & Steele, C. M. (1990). The two faces of alcohol myopia: Attentional mediation of psychological stress. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 99, 115-126.
Steele, C. M., & Josephs, R. A. (1990). Alcohol myopia: Its prized and dangerous effects. American Psychologist, 45(8), 921-933.
Steele, C. M. (1992, April). Race and the schooling of black Americans. The Atlantic Monthly, 269(4), 68-78.
Josephs, R. A., Larrick, R., Steele, C. M., & Nisbett, R. M. (1992). Self-esteem and risk aversion in decision-making. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 62(1), 26-37.
Spencer, S. J., Josephs, R. A., & Steele, C. M. (1993). Low self-esteem: The uphill struggle for self-integrity. In R. F. Baumeister (Ed.), Self-Esteem and the Puzzle of Low Self-Regard (pp. 21-36). New York: Plenum Press.
Steele, C. M., & Spencer, S. J. (1992). The primacy of self-integrity. A comment on Elliot Aronson’s “The return of the repressed: Dissonance theory makes a comeback.” Psychological Inquiry, 3, 345-346.
Steele, C. M., Spencer, S. J., & Lynch, M. (1993). Self-image resilience and dissonance: The role of affirmational resources. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 64, 885-896.
Steele, C. M., & Aronson, J. (1994). Stereotype vulnerability and African-American intellectual performance. In E. Aronson (Ed.), Readings About the Social Animal. New York: Freeman & Co.
Steele, C. M., & Aronson, J. (1995). Stereotype threat and the intellectual test performance of African-Americans. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 69, 797-811.
Steele, C. M. (1997). A threat in the air: How stereotypes shape the intellectual identities and performance of women and African Americans. American Psychologist, 52, 613-629.
Reprinted in J. L. Eberhardt & S. T. Fiske (Eds.), Confronting racism: The problem and the response. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage Publications, 1998.
Reprinted in E. Y. Lowe (Ed.), Promise and dilemma: Perspectives on racial diversity and higher education. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 1999.
Aronson, J., Steele, C. M., Salinas, M. F., & Lustina, M. J. (1998). The effects of stereotype threat on the standardized test performance of college students. In E. Aronson (Ed.), Readings About the Social Animal (8th Edition). New York: Freeman.
Steele, C. M. (1998). Stereotyping and its threat are real. American Psychologist, 53, 680-681.
Crocker, J., Major, B., & Steele, C. M. (1998). Social stigma. In D. Gilbert, S. T. Fiske, & G. Lindzey (Eds.), The handbook of social psychology (Vol 2, 4th ed., pp. 504-553). Boston: McGraw Hill.
Steele, C. M., & Aronson, J. (1998). Stereotype threat and the test performance of academically successful African Americans. In C. Jencks & M. Phillips (Eds.), Black-White Test Score Gap. Brookings Institution Press.
Aronson, J., Lustina, M. J., Good, C., Keough, K., Steele, C. M., & Brown, J. (1999). When white men can’t do math: Necessary and sufficient factors in stereotype threat. Journal of Experimental Social Psychology, 35, 29-46.
Spencer, S. J., Steele, C. M., & Quinn, D. M. (1999). Stereotype threat and women’s math performance. Journal of Experimental Social Psychology, 35, 4-28.
Cohen, G., Steele, C. M., & Ross, L. D. (1999). The mentor’s dilemma: Providing critical feedback across the racial divide. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin., 25, 1302-1318.
Steele, C. M., & Sherman, D. A. (1999). The psychological predicament of women on welfare. In D. Prentice & D. Miller (Eds.), Cultural Divides: Understanding and overcoming group conflict. New York: Russell Sage Foundation.
Steele, C. M. (1999, August). Thin ice: “Stereotype threat” and black college students. The Atlantic Monthly, 284(2), 44-47, 50-54.
Marx, D., Brown, J., & Steele, C. M. (1999). Allport’s legacy and the situational press of stereotypes. Journal of Social Issues, 55, 491-502.
Steele, C. M. (1999). Expert report of Claude M. Steele. Michigan Journal of Race & Law, 5, 439-450.
Cohen, G., Aronson, J., & Steele, C.M. (2000). When beliefs yield to evidence: Reducing biased evaluation by affirming the self. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 26, 1151-1164.
Sherman, D., Nelson, L., & Steele, C. M. (2000). Do messages about health risks threaten the self? Increasing the acceptance of threatening health messages via self-affirmation. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 26, 1046-1058.
Markus, H., Steele, C.M., & Steele, D.M. (2001). Color-blindness as a barrier to inclusion: assimilation and immigrant minorities. Daedulus, 129, (4) 233-254
Markus, H., Steele, C.M., & Steele, D.M. (2001). Color-blindness as a barrier to inclusion. In R. Shweder, M. Minow, & H. Markus (Eds.) Engaging cultural difference. New York: Russell Sage Foundation.
Steele, C. M. (2001). The role of standardized testing in race-sensitive admissions. Chapter in Susan Sturm and Lani Guinier’s The Future of Affirmative Action. Beacon Press.
Steele, C. M., Spencer, S. J., & Aronson, J. (2002). Contending with group image: The psychology of stereotype and social identity threat. In M.P. Zanna (Ed.), Advances experimental social psychology (Vol. 34, pp. 379-440). San Diego, CA: Academic Press.
Steele, C. M. (2002). Kenneth Clark’s context and mine: Toward a context based theory of social identity threat. In G. Philogene (Ed.), Race and identity: Perspectives on American Society. American Psychological Association.
Cohen, G. L., & Steele, C. M. (2002). A barrier of mistrust: How negative stereotypes affect cross-race mentoring. In J. Aronson (Ed.), Improving academic achievement: Impact of psychological factors on education.
Perry, T., Steele, C., Hilliard, A., III. (2003). Young, gifted, and black: Promoting high achievement among African-American students. Boston, MA: Beacon Press.
Steele, C. M., Spencer, S., Nisbett, R., Hummel, M., Harber, K., & Schoem, D. (Invited). African American college achievement: A “wise” intervention. Harvard Educational Review.
Garcia, J., & Steele, C. M. The role of mere communication in the use of stereotypes. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin.
Steele, C. M. Through the back door to theory. (2003) Psychological Inquiry, 14, 314-317.
Deaux, K. & Steele, C. M. (2003) The generation gap and stereotype threat among immigrant groups. Under review at the British Journal of Social Psychology.
Pronin, E., Steele, C. M., & Ross, L. Identity
bifurcation in response to stereotype threat: women and
mathematics.
(2003) Journal of Experimental Social Psychology, xxxxxxxxx
Steele, C. M. & Davies, P. G. Stereotype threat and employment testing: a commentary. (2003) Human Performance, 16, 311-326.
Steele, C. M. & Aronson, J. A. Stereotype threat does not live by Steele and Aronson alone. (2004) American Psychologist, 59, 47-48.
Aronson, J. & Steele, C. M. Stereotypes and the fragility of academic competence, motivation, and self-concept, (chapter to appear in A. Elliot & C. Dweck (Eds.) The Handbook of Competence.
Spencer, S. J., & Steele, C. M. In-group bias: Categorization vs. maintaining self-esteem. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin.
Spencer, S. J., & Steele, C. M. How self-esteem influences the assessment of our abilities. Personality
and Social Psychology Bulletin.
Davies, P., Steele, C.M., & Markus, H. (2003). A nation challenged: The paradoxical impact of social identity threat on American inter-group relations. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology.